Jianghan Archaeology 2010-1

Contents

●New Discovery
Hubei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,
A Survey of Neolithic Sites in Suizhou, Hubei Province   (3)
【Abstract】The survey re – examined eighteen sites and identified two new sites in Suizhou, providing us with a further understanding of Neolithic sites in the region. These sites are mainly distributed along rivers as well as concentrate in southern Suizhou, cultural materials of which feature distinct regional variations. A majority of them belong to Qujialing Culture and Shijiahe Culture. The survey also reveals that most of prehistoric sites have suffered from destruction in varying degrees, some of which even disappeared completely. Moreover, a number of newly found Neolithic period sites, dated to probably the same time as the legendary Yandi Chiefdom, providing evidence for us to verify the birthplace and activity area of Yandi Shennong.
【Key words】Suizhou;   Neolithic sites;   survey;   Shennong

Department of Archaeology, Wuhan University; Hubei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,
A Preliminary Report of 2008 Excavation at Qinglongquan Site in Yunxian County, Hubei Province   (15)
【Abstract】The excavation at the Qinglongquan site during 2008 session yielded abundant Neolithic remains affiliated with Qujialing Culture and Shijiahe Culture, providing new research data of these two cultures in northwestern Hubei Province. In addition, the site reveals for the first time cultural remains of the Luanshitan Culture, thus this latest information would provide study data of “post – Shijiahe period” in this region and reconstruct cultural interactions between this region and Centre Plain. During 2008 excavation session, the excavators also identify a special Shijiahe burial ritual – a secondary burial where infant’s urn – coffins were placed in yaoken pit, together within a adult grave.
【Key words】Qinglongquan Site;   Year 2008;   excavation;   Neolithic Period

Wuhan Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Museum of Jiangxia District of Wuhan City,
An Excavation Report of Southern – Dynasties Tombs in Longquan of Jiangxia District, Wuhan City   (32)
【Abstract】The report introduce the excavations results of three Southern – Dynasties tombs in Longquan of Jiangxia District. These tomb structures are all in T shape, which is common in middle Yangtze River valley. Burial goods include sets of green porcelain wares. A green porcelain toad offering table model is very special finding, the first of this kind found in the region.
【Key words】Wuhan City;  Jiangxia District;   tombs;   Southern Dynasties Period

●Study on Archaeology
Li Qin, Chen Chun,
New Understanding of Public Archaeology   (38)
【Abstract】The rapid economic developments in China today cause increasingly concerns about protection of cultural resources. However, public understanding of archaeology and cultural heritage still remains at a low level. With this worrying situation, building public archaeology with Chinese characteristics becomes an important subject of research. This paper traces back the course of public archaeology development in the western countries, and introduces its fundamental theories and concepts. Given the reality in China, the writers try to provide their understanding on how to develop a disciplinary of public archaeology in China.
【Key words】public archaeology;   cultural resources management;   cultural heritage protection;   archaeological interpretation educational archaeology

Wang Fen,
A Comparative Study on Beliefs and Rituals between the Haidai and Lake Tai Regions   (44)
【Abstract】The beliefs of people in Haidai area characterized by ancestral worship, and their burial rituals focus on using multiple coffins and ritual pottery vessels. The beliefs of people in Lake Tai area, especially in the time of Liangzu culture, is characterized by divinities worships to draw a close relationships among kingship, thearchy and clan authority; and their rituals focus on using ritual jades at different levels. Based on these observations it can be suggested that the rituals in Haidai and Lake Tai regions had different features showing secularism and religious beliefs, respectively.
【Key words】Haidai area;   Lake Tai area;   religious beliefs;   rituals;   comparative analysis

Li Yinghua,
Prehistoric Yaokeng Pits and Infants urn – burial in Middle Han River Region   (55)
【Abstract】This paper introduces a special prehistoric burial tradition in middle Han River valley, which infants were buried in urn – jars placed in a yaoken pit under a adults tomb. The study analyzes systematically the materials of prehistoric burials with yaoken pit traditions in the region, and suggests that the yaoken pit must have dug for placements of infant urn – burial, an assumption that can be verified by specific characteristics of yaoken pit tradition in other regions of prehistoric China. Based upon this analysis, this paper provides preliminarily explanations on formations of such custom and compares functions of yaoken pits from prehistoric period to the Xia and Shang Dynasties. It is argued that this custom in Central Plain during Shang and Zhou dynasties has no relationships with that in middle Han River region.
【Key words】middle Han River Region;   yaoken pit burials;   urn – burials

Xie Su,
Analysis on Sacrificial (or Sorcery) Remains in Craft Workshops of Shang Period   (65)
【Abstract】This study focuses on sacrifices that took place in or around craft workshops of Shang Period, and reviewed relevant texts of such activities in records of both oracle bones and historical documents. It considers that the workshop sacrifices were closely related to ritual (or sorcery) activities of craftworks. Similar remains were also found in both pre – Shang and Zhou archaeological sites, which could be considered to be the origin and continuality of that ritual of Shang period, respectively.
【Key words】Shang Period;   craftworks;   sacrificial remains

Wu Jing,
A Preliminary Study on Song Dynasty tombs in Three Georges Area   (73)
【Abstract】Based on studies of types and burial accessories of Song dynasty tombs in Three Georges area, this study divides the tombs time into three chronological periods. The paper considers the reasoning of formations of these tombs and their consequences, and providing a new understanding about material cultures of the Three Georges Area which was fairly isolated and underdeveloped during Song dynasty. Some cultural traditions continued in way of stable underdeveloped to modern society today.
【Key words】Three Georges Area;   Song dynasty tombs;   preliminary study

●Study on Chu Culture
Chen Lizhu,
A Discussion on Three Locations of Chu State   (84)
【Abstract】1. Among different views on the locations of Qi, which was conquered by Chu state in the 44th year of King Hui of Chu, this paper provides additional evidence for argument put forth b Chen Wei on the view that Qi was located in lower reaches of Si River, today Si County of Anhui province. 2. As to the Li City recorded in Zuozhuan, there are two views in former studies. One takes it as Shujiu City; and the other refers it as Zhongli City. Based on analyses of causes and tactics of the war between Wu and Chu states, social development of Shu and the location of Li Mt., it can be certain that the Li City refers to Zhongli City. 3. As to the location of Huairui recorded in Zuozhuan, this paper considers it referring to the area where Huai River (named Jiang or Jianghuai in that time) meets one of its own branches, a river which was also called Huai River and originated from the Dabie Mt. According to Geography Records in Hanshu, it had other names afterwards, like Kuai River, Huai River, Guan River, etc; now is the Shi River.
【Key words】Li City;   Zhongli City;   Qi state;   Si County;   Huairui;   Kuaikou (Huaikou)

Fu Yue,
Issues of Object Name Correspondences between Qianche (funeral good - list) and Bronze Ritual Vessels from Wangshan Tomb 2   (91)
【Abstract】A set of bamboo slips unearth from Tomb 2 at Wangshan, namely as qianche, are the list of recording funeral objects within the burial, which have significant research value. In this article, the author reviews the previous studies and re – analyzes corresponding names between the list and the bronze vessels unearth from the tomb. For example, the author believes ruanfou 卵缶 in qianche list should refer to zhunfou bronze wine vessel, while xunfou 迅缶 in the list should refer to fou vessels in functions of water vessels and washing basin. Moreover, some reference suggests ordering of the bamboo slips; for example, slip no.46 and no.47 should be refitted into a single slip.
【Key words】bronze ritual vessels;   qianche funeral good – slip;   bamboo slip order;   correspondence

Ding Lan,
A Comprehensive Analysis on “Tomb – guarding Beasts” of Chu Style   (98)
【Abstract】Tomb – guarding Beasts, which are particular burial accessories in tombs of Chu State, reflect the special burial custom and culture psychology of Chu people. This paper analyzes the evolution rules of Tomb – guarding Beasts of Chu style caused by different times, regions and statues of tomb occupants, and considers that they are comprehensive figures of multi – images, one of whose functions is to lead souls to the heaven.
【Key words】Tomb – guarding Beasts of Chu style;   diachronism;   synchronism;   function

●Technological Archaeology
Zhou Mi, Li Yong – ning,
A Preliminary Study of Human Bones Excavated from Longkou Tombs at Reservoir of Dan River   (108)
【Abstract】This study carefully examines 23 cases of human skeletons excavated from Longkou tombs at reservoir of Dan River. The results suggest that the owners of the Warring States period burials died in their middle ages, while the owners of Qing dynasty burials died in their middle 30s in ages. According to pathology observation, ancient people of this area had a high incidence of dental diseases, including decayed tooth disease, periodontal disease, and dental fluorosis.
【Key words】Dan River;   reservoir area;   Longkou tombs;   human skeleton;   preliminary study

Wang Hongmin, Mao Zhenwei, Zhu Tiequan, Dong Junqing, Wang changsui, Wu Xiaosong and Hong Gang,
Research on Porcelains Excavated from Luozhou City Site in Qichun County of Hubei Province   (113)
【Abstract】Porcelains excavated from the city site of Luozhou in Qichun County, Hubei Province, provide important study materials for economic development and cultural interactions of ancient Luozhou City in the time from Sui to Southern Song dynasties. This paper selected systematically sherds of bluish – white porcelains, black porcelains and green glazed potteries for examination with the aid of XRF, ICP – AES and XRD measures. The results indicate that sample HG1 and HG3 of bluish – white porcelains were from Qingshan kiln of Wuchang in Hubei province, while HG5 was from Jingdezhen Kiln of Jiangxi province. All black glazed porcelains were products of Jizhou kiln of Jiangxi province; and the “silvery glaze” on the green glazed pottery contains fairly high content of element Pb and P, which exist as Pb3 (PO4)2.
【Key words】bluish – white porcelain;   black glazed porcelain;   glazed pottery;   producing area analysis

●Study on Bamboo Slips
Luo Xiaohua and Li Huizhou,
Three Notes on Chu Bamboo Strips from Baoshan   (120)
【Abstract】There are many names of people mentioned in the Baoshan Bamboo Strips of Chu state. This paper provides new evidences for three characters from views of forms and pronunciation: two given names and one surname. It is a variant of “弄阝” that “□” is regarded as the decipherment of “□”. It may be related to the city of “弄阝”, which is belonged to the state of Lu. “□” is regarded as the decipherment of “□”. Both “□” and “害” may be the phonetic part of “□”. However, “害” is more likely to be. It is variant of “肱” that “身厷” is regarded as the decipherment of “□”. “身” is the radical part, and “厷” is the phonetic part.
【Key words】the Baoshan Bamboo Strips of Chu;   name;   decipherment

Yang Fen,
On Sequencing the Bamboo Strips on “Pengzu” from Shanghai Museum Bamboo Slips Collection   (123)
【Abstract】The paper proposes a new sequence for the bamboo strips on “Pengzu (彭祖)” from Shanghai Museum Bamboo Slips Collection, as follows 1→4→3→2→5→6→7→8. The justifications include the following considerations: firstly, Strip 3 should be placed after Strip 1 as Strip 3 constitutes a response to Strip 1 in which Pengzu comments on “Tianzhi Dao (天之道)”. Secondly, Strips 3 should be placed before Strip 2, 5, 6 as these three strips cover Pengzu’s comment on “Renzhi Dao (人之道)”, which seems to offer an elaborate answer to Goulao’s question of “Gan Wen Wei Ren (敢问为人)”, which is raised in Strip 3. Finally, Strip 4 should be placed before 3, as in Strip 4 Pengzu respectfully addresses Goulao as “Fuzi (夫子)” and “Jun (君)”, while in Strip 3, 2, 5 and 6 Goulao is addressed directly as “Ru (汝)”.
【Key words】Pengzu;   sequencing of strips;   Shanghai Museum Bamboo Slips Collection

Lin Zhipeng,
Supplementary Notes on Chapter Pengzu from Chu Bamboo strips of Shanghai Museum   (126)
【Abstract】This paper offers complementary notes on six ambiguous words in Chapter Pengzu from Chu bamboo strips in the collection of Shanghai Museum, and provide additional wordings for the missing part of this documents according to contexts and rhythms of the text.
【Key words】Chu bamboo strips;   ancient writings;   Pengzu