Kaogu 2009-1
Main Contents
Xinjiang Institute of Cultural Relics ad Archaeology and Research Center of Cultural Heritage and
Archaeology, Northwest China University, 2006—2007 Excavation on the Dongheigou Site in Barkol
County, Xinjiang ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------( 3 )
Wang Jianxin and Xi Lin, An Archaeological Study of Settlements of the Early Nomadic Culture in the
Eastern Tianshan Mountain Region -----------------------------------------------------------------(28 )
Nanjing Municipal Museum, The Long Taozhang Tomb of the 24th Year of Jian’an Reign, Eastern Han in
Nanjing City ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(38)
Shandong Provincial Museum of Stone-carving Art and Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften,
Exploration of the Cliffside-engraved Scripture and the Inscriptions round It at Jingshiyu in Mt. Taishan,
Shandong ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(45)
Changzhi Municipal Museum, A Dated Tomb with Color-painted Brick Carvings of the Jin Period at Weicun
Village in Changzhi City, Shanxi ---------------------------------------------------------------------(59)
Fan Haitao, Restudy of the Pictography on the Bronze Plate with Engraved Signs Unearthed from
Shizhaishan in Jinning, Yunnan ------------------------------------------------- ------------------(65)
Yang Hong, Ancient Buddhist Sarrira Containers in China and the Republic of Korea --------(73)
Wei Guofeng et al., A Preliminary Study of the Exporting Route of Ancient China Copper Ores and Their
Products --------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------(86)
Xinjiang Institute of Cultural Relics ad Archaeology and Research Center of Cultural Heritage and
Archaeology, Northwest China, 2006—2007 Excavation on the Dongheigou Site in Barkol County, Xinjiang
KEY WORDS: Xinjiang Dongheigou site nomadic culture settlement sites Western Han period
ABSTRACT: The Dongheigou site in Barkol County, Xinjiang was excavated in 2006 to 2007. The revealed vestiges include a high stone platform, four stone-enclosed dwellings and 12 medium- and small-sized tombs. The remains of the platform are mainly two floors with fireplaces, cooking stoves, ash-pits and post-holes. The tombs each consist of a circular stone heap and a pit below its center. The eight small tombs are furnished with stone coffins, while the four medium-sized graves, with wooden coffins and contain human and animal victims. Among the unearthed grave goods are pottery, stone, bone and bronze objects, as well as gold and silver ornaments. Chronologically the tombs go back roughly to the earlier Western Han period. The excavation is of great significance to the study of settlements of the ancient nomadic culture.
Wang Jianxin and Xi Lin, An Archaeological Study of Settlements of the Early Nomadic Culture in the Eastern Tianshan Mountain Region
KEY WORDS: eastern Tianshan Mountain region early nomadic culture settlement archaeology
Western Han period
ABSTRACT: One of the basic characteristics of the nomadic northland is that settlement life was a subordinate concomitant of the main nomadic life style. Therefore settlement sites exist commonly in that region. Through extensive survey and small-scale excavation in the broad steppes of northwest Gansu and northern Xinjiang in 2000 to 2007, archaeologists have revealed on the whole the distribution law of the ancient nomadic culture’s settlements in the steppes of Northwest China. It has been known that these settlements usually left over dwelling vestiges, tombs, rock paintings and some other basic elements of settlements in the ancient nomadic culture. A comprehensive study provides preliminary knowledge of the cultural features and interrelation between the two types of early nomadic cultural remains that were distributed in the eastern Tianshan Mountain region.
Nanjing Municipal Museum, The Long Taozhang Tomb of the 24th Year of Jian’an Reign, Eastern Han Period in Nanjing City
KEY WORDS: Nanjing Eastern Han period tomb title deed of tomb plot
ABSTRACT: In 2007, archaeological excavation revealed a brick-chambered Eastern Han tomb at the Great Bao’en Temple-site of the Ming period in Nanjing City. This is a single-room grave with a corbelled top. The coffin and human skeleton have rotted away. The grave goods include pottery, porcelain and copper coins. Of them the pottery title deed of tomb plot is peculiar in shape and bears the date of burial and tomb-owner’s name. The contents of its inscription are quite different from those of the previously discovered title deeds of tomb plots. According to the inscription, the tomb owner is Long Taozhang, who was buried in the 24th year of Jian’an reign, Eastern Han. The excavation provided new data for studying the then tomb form and burial custom in South China.
Shandong Provincial Museum of Stone-carving Art and Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, Exploration of the Cliffside-engraved Scripture and the Inscriptions round It at Jingshiyu in Mt. Taishan, Shandong
KEY WORDS: Jingshiyu in Mt. Taishan, Shandong cliff-side-engraved scripture inscriptions
ABSTRACT: The present paper reports the exploration of the cliff-side-engraved Diamond Sutra〈金刚经〉 and the inscriptions round it in 2006. The inscriptions discovered and sorted out this time number 37 spots, of which seven are left over from antiquity but have not recorded in any works on stones and bronzes. Altogether there are 44 spots of inscriptions at Jingshiyu, including the engraved sutra itself and six spots of inscriptions known only from literal records in works on stones and bronzes. The all-round recording of the cliff-side-engraved Diamond Sutra, including its text, illustrations and geographic data provided conditions of comprehensively analyzing the historical, religious and political significance and artistic style of the engraved sutra and the inscriptions round it.
Changzhi Municipal Museum, A Dated Tomb with Color-painted Brick Carvings of the Jin Period at Weicun
Village in Changzhi City, Shanxi
KEY WORDS: Changzhi City, Shanxi Jin period tomb brick carvings wall paintings
ABSTRACT: In 1994, a brick-chambered tomb in imitation of wooden structure was revealed through a salvaging excavation at Weicun Village of Guzhang Township in Changzhi City, Shanxi. It is sub-quadrate in plan and is furnished with three side-rooms. No human and funeral objects were found in the tomb. The southern wall and vaulted top bear paintings of a wooden treadle-operated tilt hammer for hulling rice, a stone mill and the lunar mansions. The four walls are all inlaid with brick carvings depicting the stories of the 24 dutiful sons, each wall with six pictures. The southern wall is inscribed with the inscription“画相（像）二十四孝铭”(Pictures of the 24 dutiful sons) and the date of 3rd year, Tiande reign, Jin Dynasty. The unearthed color-painted brick carvings have great value to studying the filial duty culture of ancient China.
Fan Haitao, Restudy of the Pictography on the Bronze Plate with Engraved Signs Unearthed from Shizhaishan in Jinning, Yunnan
KEY WORDS: Shizhaishan in Jinning, Yunnan bronze plate engraved with signs petrography
Dian Kingdom Western Han period
ABSTRACT: Through a study of the pictography on the sign-engraved bronze plate from the 13th tomb of the Western Han at Shizhaishan in Jinning, Yunnan, the author re-explains the meanings of some engraved signs and puts forward the idea that in this pictography there exists a distinctive figure-value counting method with a certain figure-carrying system. The signs “,” “○” and “—” form the three-grade counting-sign system characteristic of the Dian Kingdom. The plate may have been a bronze back-plate of a Dian nobleman’s lacquered wooden quiver going back to over 2000 BP.
Yang Hong, Ancient Buddhist Sarrira Containers in China and the Republic of Korea
KEY WORDS: China Republic of Korea Buddhist sarrira containers Northern Dynasties period Sui and Tang periods
ABSTRACT: This paper makes an integrated study of the Buddhist sarrira stupas and the sarrira containers buried in them that are discovered in Chinese archaeology. It concludes that the evolutionary course of the sarrira burying institution in the Northern Dynasties period to the Tang Dynasty can be divided into four stages, i.e. the early Northern Dynasties period, the late Northern Dynasties and Sui periods to the Tang Dynasty, the Tang Gaozong reign to the time of Wuzong’s abolishing Buddhism, and the time of Xuanzong’s restoring Buddhism to the late Tang. Similar to the spread of Buddhism via China to the southern Korean peninsula, ancient Chinese Buddhist sarrira containers were spread to ancient Paekche and Silla in the south of the Korean peninsula, and were amalgamated with the then local traditional culture, which led to the morphologic change of sarrira containers. So this type of find from Ancient China and Korea demonstrate the interaction and interrelation between the ancient cultures of the two countries.
Wei Guofeng et al., A Preliminary Study of the Exporting Route of Ancient China Copper Ores
and Their Products
KEY WORDS: sites of mining and smelting ancient copper ores trace elements ICP-AES
ABSTRACT: By using the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES), the authors make analyses and tests of the trace elements in the copper ores, slag, ingots and coagulated grains from several sites of mining and smelting of the pre-Qin times. The results suggest that in the smelting process, the trace elements Au, Ag, As, Sb, Bi, Se, Te, Co, Ni, etc. were concentrated mainly in the copper and they are indicative of the provenance of the raw material of bronze casts. Meanwhile, the copper ores and ingots unearthed from different sites of mining and smelting are distinctly diverse in the character of trace elements, so it is feasible to determine the exporting route of ancient copper ores by using the trace element tracing technique, especial to trace various copper mineral deposits.