Kaogu 2010-9
Main Contents
Liaoning Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology et al., The Bronze Age Cemetery at Xinchengzi Village, Benxi County, Liaonin…………….......................................... (3)
Anhui Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Bengbu Municipal Museum, Tomb Shuangdun-3 of the Warring-States Period in Bengbu City, Anhui…………………… (18)
Xuchang Municipal Archaeological Team, The Excavation to Tombs M10 and M16 of Xinfeng Cemetery in Yuzhou City, Henan…………………………………………………………..(24)
Second Luoyang Municipal Archaeological Team and Yanshi Municipal Bureau of Cultural Relics, The Mounded Tomb of the Eastern Han Dynasty in Wujiawan, Yanshi City, Henan ………(37)
Xu Lianggao, The Reexamination to the Relations between the Jingdang Type of Shang Culture and Cultural Remains of Zhengjiapo Type …………………………………………...(46)
Yin Hongbing, Jinan City and the Capital Ying of the Chu State ………………………. (55)
Liu Guosheng, Two Issues on the Sacrificial-offering Album of Chu Tomb No. 2 in Baoshan Cemetery……………………………………………………………………………(66)
Yang Yong, On Kele Culture ……………………………………………………….(73)
Wei Zheng, On the Issue of the Occupants of Wen Qiao's Family Cemetery in Nanjing …………………………………………………………………………… (87)
Liaoning Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology et al., The Bronze Age Cemetery at Xinchengzi Village, Benxi County, Liaonin
KEYWORDS: Liaoning Xinchengzi Dolmens (Stone Slab-roofed Cist Tombs)
Bronze Age
ABSTRACT: In 2006, archaeological excavations were conducted to the Dapiandi Cemetery at Xinchengzi Village, Dongyingfang Township, Benxi County. In total 16 tombs were recovered, all of which were built with stone blocks or slabs, and the remaining roofing of which were all large single stone slabs. Most of the tombs yielded no human remains, the only exception of which was a tomb with human teeth preserved. All of the tombs had grave goods but very few, the main types of which were pottery pots, jars and stone axes, spades, spindle wheels and so on. These tombs could be called “Stone Slab-roofed Cist Tombs” belonging to the broad-sensed “Dolmens”, and their dates were roughly around the late Western Zhou to early Spring-and-Autumn Periods. The cultural remains of this type are widely distributed in the north of eastern Liaoning Province.
Anhui Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Bengbu Municipal Museum, Tomb Shuangdun-3 of the Warring-States Period in Bengbu City, Anhui
KEYWORDS: Anhui Tomb No. 3 of Shuangdun Cemetery Late Warring-States Period Chu Culture
ABSTRACT: In April 2007, Tomb No. 3 of Shuangdun Cemetery in Bengbu City, Anhui Province was excavated. This tomb is an earthen shaft pit tomb in rectangular plan with dug-out tiers along the two longer sides. The burial furniture and skeletons of the tomb occupant(s) had all decayed, only coffin board ashes and lacquer remains were seen. The grave goods in the coffin were jade sword ornaments, jade pigs, glass Bi-disc, bronze mirror, etc. In the west quarter at the grave bottom, a set of pottery wares and some bronzes were found; in the foot quarter to the south of the coffin, a set of lacquered or plain wooden utensils were recovered. The pottery assemblage was Ding-tripod, jar, Fang-square wine vessel, case, and so on, bearing clear features of Chu Culture of the late Warring-States Period. The excavation of this tomb provided new materials for the researches on the history and culture in the middle reaches of Huai River.
Xuchang Municipal Archaeological Team, The Excavation to Tombs M10 and M16 of Xinfeng Cemetery in Yuzhou City, Henan
KEYWORDS: Henan Xinfeng Cemetery Earthen Cave Tombs
Late Western Han Dynasty
ABSTRACT: To coordinate with the middle course of South-North Water Transfer Project, the Xinfeng Cemetery in Liangbei Township, Yuzhou City was excavated. Among the excavated tombs, M10 and M16 had special shapes; both of these tombs were earthen cave tombs with ramp passageways, but the chamber and the passageway were not on the same axis. M10 consisted of the ante and rear chambers, the rear chamber of which had a brick vault ceiling; M16 was a single-chamber tomb with a brick vault ceiling. The two tombs were looted but some grave goods were still preserved, which were made of pottery, bronze, iron, jade and stone, as well as bronze coins. The dates of these two tombs were the late Western Han Dynasty, and might be after Wang Mang's Reform. The excavation to these two tombs provided important materials for the researches on the social customs and burial systems in the Central Plains during the Han Dynasty.
Second Luoyang Municipal Archaeological Team and Yanshi Municipal Bureau of Cultural Relics, The Mounded Tomb of the Eastern Han Dynasty in Wujiawan, Yanshi City, Henan
KEYWORDS: Henan Wujiawan Mounded Tomb Late Eastern Han Dynasty
ABSTRACT: In 2006, a mounded tomb of the late Eastern Han Dynasty at Wujiawan Village, Yanshi City was excavated. The bun-shaped mound over the tomb had been flattened and left a circular range 21 m in diameter. This tomb was a brick multi-chamber tomb with a long ramp passageway and a transverse antechamber. Although it has been looted, many grave goods were still kept, which were made of pottery, bronze, iron, stone, etc. This tomb was located on the margin of the attendant tomb zone of the imperial mausoleum precinct but its rank was rather low. The excavation to this tomb is academically important for understanding the layout, structure, scope of the imperial mausoleums of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the ranks and the statuses of the occupants of their attendant tombs.
Xu Lianggao, The Reexamination to the Relations between the Jingdang Type of Shang Culture and Cultural Remains of Zhengjiapo Type
KEYWORDS: Jingdang Type of Shang Culture Zhengjiapo Type Temporal and Spatial Relationships
ABSTRACT: The connotation of Jingdang Type of Shang Culture and its relationship with the cultural remains of Zhengjiapo Type were key issues of the researches on the origins of Proto-Zhou Culture. Jingdang Type had its own features; it was distributed in the southeast of the western Shaanxi Plain including present-day Xingping, Zhouzhi, Huxian, Wugong, Fufeng, Liquan and Qishui River Basin. In this region, only the remains of Jingdang Type of Shang Culture were seen, and the so-called “Zhengjiapo Culture” could not have existed here. The remains of Zhengjiapo Type would be later than that of Shang Culture and was the regionalized and localized variety of Jingdang Type after the eastward retreat of Shang Culture which fused into Proto-Zhou Culture finally but not the early Proto-Zhou Culture.
Yin Hongbing, Jinan City and the Capital Ying of the Chu State
KEYWORDS: The Jinan City Capital Ying Zai Ying“栽郢” Xun Ying“鄩郢”
ABSTRACT: Analyzed with archaeological materials and the references of relevant historic literature, the Jinan City in present-day Jingzhou Prefecture, Hubei Province was the location of Capital Ying of the Chu State in deed, but it was just the Capital Ying in the Warring-States Period but not that in the Spring-and-Autumn Period. Jinan City began to be the capital of the Chu State probably in the early stage of the middle phase of Warring-States Period or around the early and middle phases of Warring-States Period and was abandoned in 278 BCE when it was captured by Bai Qi. It might be King Su of the Chu State who moved capital to Jinan City in the fourth year of his reign, which was 377 BCE. In the bamboo slips unearthed from tombs of Geling Cemetery in Xincai County, the text “the year when the King moved (the capital) to Xun Ying鄩郢” is read; the “Xun Ying” would refer to Jinan City.
Liu Guosheng, Two Issues on the Sacrificial-offering Album of Chu Tomb No. 2 in Baoshan Cemetery
KEYWORDS: Chu Tomb No. 2 in Baoshan Cemetery Sacrificial-offering Album
Character Interpretation Bamboo Slips Order
ABSTRACT: The bamboo slips of sacrificial-offering album from Baoshan Tomb No. 2 in Jingmen, Hubei Province were put into distinct tomb chambers separately. The second character of the second division (Nos. 265 and 266) which was interpreted as Zhao兆 by the staffs of the bamboo slip recovering group should be interpreted as Mao卯. The suggestion that the terms of Damao大卯 should be read as Dapao大庖 is convincing, and the vessels of Dapao referred to the utensils handled by the cooks in the kitchen. According to our regulation of the order of the bamboo slips and proposal of recovering the disconnected pieces, the fourth division (Nos. 259 to 264) should be constituted into four slips, and the order of them is Nos. 259, 263/264, 260-1/262 and 261/260-2 (/ means that the front and rear portions of the slips that can be constituted).
Yang Yong, On Kele Culture
KEYWORDS: Kele Culture Cultural Features Warring-States to Western Han
Xinan Yi (Southwest Barbarians)
ABSTRACT: The local-styled tombs of the Warring-States Period to the Western Han Dynasty recovered at Kele Site in Hezhang County, Guizhou Province had rich cultural connotations and distinct features, the “Head Encasing” burial custom of which was especially unique. These tombs showed sharp differences to the Han-styled tombs in the same cemetery and other regional cultural remains in peripheral areas and represented a new archaeological culture in the Xinan Yi (Southwest Barbarians) Region of the Warring-States to the Qin-Han Periods, which could be named as “Kele Culture”. The putting forward of the concept of “Kele Culture” and the research on it had great academic significance; they will positively influence the archaeological researches on the Xinan Yi Region of the Warring-States to the Qin-Han Periods and lay firm foundation for the in-depth archaeological exploration of Yelang Culture.
Wei Zheng, On the Issue of the Occupants of Wen Qiao's Family Cemetery in Nanjing
KEYWORDS: Wen Qiao Family Cemetery Tomb Occupants Dates
ABSTRACT: The Guojiashan Hill is the location of the Wen Family Cemetery of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the M9 of which excavated earlier yielded Wen Qiao's epitaph and therefore was considered as Wen Qiao's tomb. However, the M10 excavated later than M9 had larger size, so the excavators believed that they had made a mistake, and M10 should have been Wen Qiao's tomb instead. Referring to the rules of couple joint burials, the general rules of epitaph using in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the arrangement of tombs in the family cemeteries, the chronological features of the tomb types and grave goods, this paper argues that M9 was Wen Qiao's tomb indeed and the occupant of M10 would be Wen Fangzhi, who was the eldest son of Wen Qiao. The reason why Wen Qiao's tomb was smaller than his son's tomb was that the historic conditions were different at the times when they were interred.