做好文化遗产保护的排头兵--王伟光常务副院长在世界考古学大会中间会议上的致辞
中国是一个多民族的国家，地域广阔，有着悠久的历史和灿烂的文化，因此中国的文化遗产十分丰富且种类繁多。它们是中华文化凝炼的结晶，是中华民族团结的纽带。研究好、保护好、传承好这些宝贵的文化遗产，事关全民族共同精神家园建设。
人文社会科学工作者，是文化遗产研究的主干力量，考古学、历史学、民族学、宗教学、文学等方面的专家学者，必须站在文化遗产研究的前列，为文化遗产保护事业贡献自己的全部力量。应积极地、自觉地将满足文化遗产保护的需求，置于自己研究工作的重要位置。
十几年来，尤其是最近几年中，我国以大遗址保护为重点的文化遗产保护工作取得了巨大进步，政府高度重视，社会广泛参与，投入大，项目多，成效显著。不仅有效地改善了大遗址的保护状况，提升了文化遗产传承效率，还有力地推动了经济社会发展和人民生活改善。
1997年，国务院颁布《关于加强和改善文物工作的通知》，提出把大遗址保护与经济社会发展、人民生活水平提高有机结合，从根本上改变古遗址保护的被动局面。2002年，国家文物局制订《大遗址保护十五规划》，启动实施了50处大遗址保护重点项目。2005年，国家文物局和财政部共同编制《十一五时期大遗址保护规划纲要》，确定100处大遗址保护为重点工程项目。2006年，国务院公布《国家十一五文化发展纲要》，将上述100处大遗址列为国家文化遗产保护重大项目和重点工程。
过去的五年中，国家文物局、各级地方政府和全国文化遗产工作者，以科学发展观为指导，解放思想，探索创新，勇于实践，走出一条适合中国国情和符合时代特性的文化遗产保护道路。我们做到了：坚持把握长远利益和当前利益、全局利益与局部利益关系；坚持既有利于文物保护、又有利于经济建设和提高人民群众生活质量；坚持中央主导、地方配套、统筹规划、集中资金、重点投入、注重实效；坚持规划先行、突出重点、分步实施、侧重本体、优先展示。
过去的五年中，国家文物局以“两片（西安、洛阳）”、“三线（长城、大运河、丝绸之路）”大遗址保护为重点，以考古遗址公园建设为重要手段，大力推进以大遗址保护为重心的文化遗产保护工作。此间，中央财政向全国23个省市自治区的99处大遗址投入20多亿元人民币专项资金，带动地方政府配套投入300多亿元，保证了一批保护项目顺利开展。具体成果包括：完成100处大遗址保护规划纲要、60多处大遗址保护规划的编制工作；安阳殷墟和高句丽王城王陵成功列入联合国教科文组织《世界遗产名录》；殷墟、良渚、金沙、鸿山等遗址建起了考古遗址博物馆；唐大明宫、隋唐洛阳城、良渚、鸿山等第一批国家考古遗址公园共12家胜利建成挂牌，牛河梁、里耶、长沙窑等考古遗址公园建设已经启动；明长城资源调查和山海关保护维修圆满完成；大运河保护申遗、丝绸之路跨国联合申遗持续推进。
在国家文物局主导下，吸引地方政府和社会各界积极参与文化遗产保护的大遗址保护现场会、大遗址保护高峰论坛、大遗址保护工作会议先后在洛阳、无锡、西安、杭州、成都等地举行，会议发布的《西安宣言》、《良渚共识》、《洛阳宣言》等，明确了当前我国大遗址保护的原则、宗旨、路线，地方政府和社会各界保护大遗址的决心和信心空前高涨。可以预言，今后几年中，我国的文化遗产保护事业必将迈上一个新的台阶，树立一块闪亮的里程碑。
中国社会科学院是我国人文社科领域最高学术殿堂，学科门类多，著名专家学者多，应该成为我国文化遗产保护研究的核心阵地。我们在若干学术领域、首先是考古学领域，为文化遗产保护做出了一些可喜的成绩。主要表现为：在我国的200多个市县，开展了数千项田野考古工作，为我国的古遗址古墓葬保护提供了大量科学依据；积极投入国家重大建设项目中的考古工作，从早年的三门峡黄河水利工程，到近年的三峡工程、南水北调工程，再到西安、洛阳、安阳等历史古城的城乡建设和经济建设项目，都有我们的贡献；通过各种方式，为各地培养输送了大量考古和文物保护专家；最近几年中，考古研究所实行考古与文化遗产保护并举并重战略，把文化遗产保护研究提高到创建国际知名、国内一流研究所的高度来认识，新设置“文化遗产保护研究中心”，积极推动考古与文保的结合，在遗址保护、考古现场文物保护、实验室考古和出土文物保护等方面，建树颇多；积极投入文化遗产保护理论研究和实践，承担大量文化遗产保护研究课题，倡导考古学与文化遗产保护紧密结合，提出了文化遗产保护类考古、实验室考古等新理念、新概念，为我国的大遗址保护和考古遗址公园建设做出重要的理论和实践贡献；参与百处大遗址保护总体规划、若干大遗址保护规划和展示方案的编制工作；受国家文物局委托，制定了考古发掘项目检查验收办法和标准、大遗址考古工作指导意见和工作要求、“十二五”大遗址考古规划纲要等。
国家文物局单霁翔局长《在中国社会科学院考古研究所成立60周年庆祝大会上的致辞》中对我们提出：希望中国社会科学院考古研究所充分发挥人才优势，打造我国文化遗产保护领域的智库，成为我国文化遗产保护重要的思想库和智囊团。对于这个期望，我们需要加倍努力方能实现。
我认为，我院应该在如下方面为我国的文化遗产保护做出积极贡献：
第一，加强文化遗产学科建设。当前主要是抓好文化遗产保护基础理论研究、政策法规研究、科学技术研究等。
第二，做好大遗址考古科研。考古学是文化遗产保护的基础。在考古科研中应切实贯彻文化遗产保护理念，积极推动考古科研活动向着更加科学、更加规范、更加注重遗址保护的方向发展。当前，大遗址考古应将为大遗址保护提供充分、可靠的科学依据作为主要任务。
第三，推进实验室考古。实验室考古是我院学者提出的新概念，旨在推动考古学的转型发展——把考古发掘研究与文化遗产保护紧密地融为一体，在考古科研和文化遗产保护中更多地采用新的科技手段。可以肯定，这是中国考古学新的学术生长点，也是考古学发展的重要方向。我院考古研究所在这个方面已经取得可喜成绩，所以，国家文物局提出希望以此为基础创建“实验室考古国家中心”，是个很好的倡议。我们应该从考古学学科发展甚至是从文化遗产学科建设的高度来认识和落实之。
第四，推动考古遗址公园和考古遗址博物馆建设。遗址保护是考古学可持续发展的基本保障。国家文物局正在积极推动的考古遗址公园和考古遗址博物馆建设，是我国文化遗产保护的重要举措。考古学界有责任、有义务、也有理由参入到这项事业中来，让我们的科研成果成为全体国民的共享资源。
第五，做好文化遗产保护的教育和培训工作。充分利用我们的人才优势和科研资源优势，带动地方考古科研和文化遗产保护研究。采取多种方式，培养各式文化遗产保护实用人才。（王伟光：中国社会科学院常务副院长）
Be the Pioneer of Cultural Heritage Protection
Wang Weiguang (Executive Deputy President, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)
As a multi-ethnic country with a vast territory, China has a long history and splendid culture, the cultural heritage of China is very rich and diversified. They are the crystallization of Chinese culture and the bond of the unity of Chinese nationality. To study, protect and pass down these valuable cultural heritages are related to the construction of the common spiritual home of whole nation.
Workers of humanities and social sciences are the main power of the cultural heritage researches; the experts and scholars of archeology, history, ethnology, religion, literature and other fields must stand on the forefront of cultural heritage studies and dedicate to the cultural heritage protection cause. We should actively and consciously put meeting the needs of cultural heritage protection on the important position of our research work.
During the past decade, especially in the recent years, our cultural heritage protection focused on large site protection has made tremendous progress; the government attached great importance, the society took wide participation; the investments are large, and the projects are numerous and the achievements are remarkable. All of these not only effectively improved the conservation status of large sites and efficiently enhanced the sustainability of cultural heritages, but also forcefully promoted the economic and social developments and the improvement of the people’s lives.
In 1997, the State Council promulgated the Circular of the State Council Concerning the Strengthening and Improvement of the Work Related to Cultural Relics, which put forward the idea of the organic integration of the large site protection with economic and social developments and the improving of the people’s living standards, and fundamentally changed the unfavorable situation of the ancient heritage protection. In 2002, the State Administration for Cultural Heritage issued the Large Site Protection Scheme in the Tenth Five-year Plan to start the implementation of 50 key projects of large site protection. In 2005, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage and Ministry of Finance jointly designed the General Protection Scheme of the Large Sites during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan Period to determine 100 large sites as the key protection projects. In 2006, the State Council promulgated the National Outline of Cultural Development Program in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, in which these 100 large sites are listed as key projects and constructions of national cultural heritage protection.
During the past five years, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, the local governments and cultural heritage workers of all of the regions, under the direction of the Scientific Outlook on Development and with the spirits of emancipating the mind, exploring innovation and being brave on practices, found a unique path of cultural heritage protection matching China’s national conditions and characteristics. We have done the following: holding on coordinating the relationships between the long-term interests and the immediate interests and the overall interests and partial interests; holding on the principle of being not only favorable to cultural heritage protection, but also favorable to economic development and improving the people's quality of life; holding on the principles of guiding by the central government and cooperating of the local governments, overall planning, concentrating the investments on key projects and effects-oriented; insisting that planning in advance, focusing on the key projects, conducting step by step, paying attention on the protection and demonstration of the main body of the cultural heritages.
During the past five years, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage made great efforts to promote the cultural heritage protection by focusing on the important archaeological sites in the “Two Plots (Xi’an and Luoyang)” and along the “Three Lines (the Great Wall, Grand Canal and the Silk Road)” and making the construction of heritage parks as the key measures. For this, the central government invested two billion yuan of special funds to ninety-nine large sites in twenty-three provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions to promote local government to invest thirty billion matching to ensure the smooth implementation of a set of preservation projects. The concrete results include: the completion of protection plan schemes of one hundred large sites, the completion of protection plans of more than sixth large sites; the successes of Yinxu Site in Anyang City and Capital Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom to be listed as the UNESCO’s World Heritages; the completion of the Archaeological Site Museums of Yinxu, Liangzhu, Jinsha, Hongshan and so on; the successful completion of the first group of National Heritage Parks including the Tang Daming Palace, Sui and Tang Luoyang City, Liangzhu, Hongshan and so on, in total of twelve Sites; the starting up of the construction of the National Heritage Parks including Niuheliang, Liye, Changsha Kiln, etc.; the fulfillments of the resource survey of the Ming Great Wall and the maintenance project of Shanhaiguan Pass; the application of the Grand Canal and the international cooperative application of the Silk Road for the World Heritages are being continued.
Under the directing of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, the local governments and the people of all walks of lives actively participate in the cultural heritage protection activities, including the on-the-spot meetings and the Large Site Protection Forums; the large site protection work conferences have been held in Luoyang, Wuxi, Xi'an, Hangzhou, Chengdu and other places, the “Xi’an Manifesto”, “Liangzhu Consensus”, “Luoyang Manifesto” and other documents published by which cleared the principles, purposes and approaches of the current large site protection of our country. The determination and confidence of the local government and the society to protect large sites are much firmer than ever before. We can promise that in the next few years, our cultural heritage protection cause will enter a new stage and erect a shining milestone.
China Academy of Social Sciences is the highest academic institution in the fields of humanities and social sciences of our country; she has the most disciplines and well-known experts and scholars, so she ought to be the center of our cultural heritage protection researches. We have made some encouraging results in some fields, especially the ones of archeology, for our cultural heritage protection cause. The main ones are: in more than two hundred cities and counties, the scholars from Chinese Academy of Social Sciences carried out thousands of archaeological fieldwork projects, which provides large amount of scientific proofs for the protection of the ancient sites and tombs in China; they actively involved in the archaeological work in the major national construction projects from the Sanmenxia Yellow River Hydraulic Engineering Project in the early years, to the Three Gorges Project, South-North Water Transfer Project and the urban and rural economic development projects in Xi’an, Luoyang, Anyang and other historical cities in the recent years; by various ways, the CASS trained and provided a large number of archaeological and cultural heritage preservation personnel for the local institutions; in recent years, the Institute of Archaeology applied strategy of paying equal attention to the archeology and cultural heritage protection, and raising the importance of the researches on the cultural heritage protection to the level of one of the standards of a world-renowned and domestic first-class Institute. The new-established Conservation and Research Center for Cultural Heritage actively promotes the integration of archaeology and cultural protection, and has made some achievements in the site protection, the onsite preservation of artifacts in excavation scenes, laboratory archaeology and the conservation of unearthed cultural relics, and so on; the scholars of the Institute of Archaeology are actively involved in cultural heritage conservation theoretical researches and practices, undertake a large number of cultural heritage protection research projects, and have proposed new concepts and ideas such as the archaeological specialties of cultural heritage protection and laboratory archaeology, which contributed greatly to theories and practices of the large site protection and heritage park constructions; they participated in the designing of the general protection plan of the one hundred large sites and the editing of the conservation and demonstration programs of a number of large sites; commissioned by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, they constituted the inspection and acceptance standards of the archaeological excavation projects, the guiding opinions of the archaeological work of large sites work requirements and Large Site Archaeology Scheme in the Twelfth Five-year Plan and so on.
In his Celebration Speech of the Sixtieth Anniversary of the Institute of Archaeology, Mr. Shan Jixiang, the Director of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, hopes us to give the personnel advantage into full play to build think tank of our cultural heritage protection field and to become a major intelligence bank of the cultural heritage protection of our country. For this expectation, we need to redouble our efforts to achieve.
I think, our academy should make the following contributions to the cultural heritage protection cause of our country:
First, strengthening the disciplinary construction of cultural heritage protection discipline. At present, our main tasks are concentrating on the researches on the basic researches, policies, laws and regulations and scientific and technological researches of cultural heritage protection.
Second, doing well the researches on the archaeologies of large sites. Archaeology is the foundation for cultural heritage protection. In archaeological researches, the idea of cultural heritage protection should be effectively implemented, and the archaeological research activities should be directed to the route of more scientific, more standardized and more emphasis on the site protection. At present, archaeological fieldwork on the large sites should make providing adequate and reliable scientific evidence to the protection of these sites as the main task.
Third, promoting the Laboratory Archaeology. Laboratory Archaeology is a new concept put forth by the scholars of our academy, the goal of which is to promote the transformational development of archeology - the tight integration of the archaeological excavations and researches with the cultural heritage protection, for which more new scientific and technological means should be applied. To be sure, this is a new academic growth point of Chinese Archaeology, as well as an important tendency of archaeology of the world. The Institute of Archaeology of our academy has achieved gratifying results, therefore, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage suggested to build a “National Center for Laboratory Archaeology” based on them, and this is a good initiative. We should understand and implement this task from the level of the disciplinary development of archeology and even the disciplinary construction of cultural heritage protection.
Fourth, promoting the construction of archaeological site parks and museums. Archaeological site protection is the basic guarantee for sustainable development of archaeology. State Administration of Cultural Heritage is actively promoting the constructions of archaeological site parks and museums, which is an important measure to protect the cultural heritage of our country. Archaeologists have the responsibility, obligation and the reasons to take part in this cause to make our research achievements into the resources shared by all of the citizens.
Fifth, doing well the education and training of cultural heritage protection. Fully take advantage of our personnel and research resources, promote local archaeological and cultural heritage protection researches. Various ways can be taken to cultivate practical personnel for all types and fields of cultural heritage protection.
