The Archaeological Theory Division, established in 2023, is the only specialised research unit in China dedicated to archaeological theory. Guided by the theoretical framework of Xi Jinping’s Thoughts on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, the division focuses on advancing theoretical research aimed at developing an archaeological disciplinary system, academic system, and discourse system with Chinese characteristics, style and ethos. Its mission is to promote the theoretical development of Chinese Archaeology, strengthen the integration of fieldwork and theory and of archaeology and related disciplines, and advocate for mutual learning among civilizations.